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Empress Zhenjian : ウィキペディア英語版
Empress Zhenjian
Empress Dowager Cao (曹太后, personal name unknown) (died August 3, 925〔(Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter ).〕〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 273.〕), formally Empress Zhenjian (貞簡皇后, "virtuous and humble"), was a concubine to the late Tang Dynasty warlord Li Keyong and the mother to his son Li Cunxu, who later established Later Tang as its Emperor Zhuangzong. After the establishment of Later Tang, she was honored as empress dowager.
== Background ==
It is not known when Lady Cao was born, but it is known that she was from Taiyuan, then the capital of Tang Dynasty's Hedong Circuit (河東), and that she was of commoner but not disrespectable birth. It is not known when she became Li Keyong's concubine, but it was said that she was beautiful, humble, and intelligent, and thus was respected by Li Keyong's wife Lady Liu, who was herself sonless, and who encouraged Li Keyong to treat her well.〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 49.〕 She gave birth to Li Keyong's oldest son Li Cunxu in 885.〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 27.〕 It was said that Li Keyong had many concubines, and he particularly favored Lady Zhang, who had previously been the wife of the warlord Li Kuangchou,〔 whom he defeated in 894,〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 259.〕 such that he no longer favored other women, but Lady Cao remained an exception. Li Keyong was harsh and impatient in his character, and whenever his attendants had faults, they would often be punished. Lady Cao often interceded on their behalf, and it was with her intercession that many were spared.〔 At some point, Lady Cao received the title of Lady of Jin from the Tang imperial government.〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 14.〕

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